Determination of Base Station Emission Power Change in a Mobile Network Cell with Movable Users

This paper considers base transceiver station (BTS) emission power change in the cell-organized mobile network with dynamic power control, due to users’ moving. Such power adjustment contributes to energy saving and environment pollution reduction. We analyzed mutual influence of user’s moving speed, users’ surface distribution and propagation coefficient γ on BTS power variations. It is proved that users’ concentration near BTS, greater γ (in urban areas), faster user’s moving and greater connection duration contribute to BTS power increase of several tens of percent in real conditions. We present two examples when mean user’s moving distance is 30% of mobile cell radius: 1) power of one movable user is increased more than 50% when distance between user and BTS is uniformly distributed (decreasing users’ surface density); 2) emission power is decreased 2.5% when users are uniformly distributed (there are more users near a cell rim). BTS power has nearly constant value in the second example, because in our model users, crossing the cell rim, are replaced by users from adjacent cells, who are moving towards BTS. The analysis results are verified by Monte Carlo simulation, where user’s starting position, displacement and angle of moving are determined based on randomly generated numbers

Inguinal Hernia: Mesh Fixation

FIBRIN GLUE MESH FIXATION UNDER LOCAL ANAESTHESIA FOR THE TREATMENT OF INGUINAL HERNIA IN ELDERLY PATIENTS R LionettF, A Cesaro 1 , E NapolitanoI, L Caruso 1 , B Neola1, M Rutigliano1, 0 P Ferulano1 iDpt. Specialistic Surgeries and Nephrology Policlinic Federico II, Naples, ITALY Introduction: Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most common operations performed in general surgery, especially among elderly patients, due to age-related loss of muscle mass and increase of co-morbidities associated with high intra-abdominal pressure. The purpose of our trial was to assess the safeness and the impact on quality of life of tension free, sutureless hernia repair technique with the use of fibrin glue under local anesthesia in elderly patients. Methods: From January 2010 to December 2012,53 male patients aged 70 and above (mean age 73.9 years) were enrolled; complicated, recurrent, scrotal hernia and ASA IV patients were excluded. Furthermore diabetic patients with glycated hemoglobin level 7% or more were ruled out for presumable neuropathy. Informed consent and data from SF36 questionnaire were collected preoperatively. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for postoperative pain and a new SF36 questionnaire for overall satisfaction at one year, were administered postoperatively. Chronic pain was classified according to Cunningham's criteria. Operative time, length of hospitalization, postoperative use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, complications and recurrences were also assessed. Results: All patients were operated under local anaesthesia (2% Mepivacaine Cloridrate and 7,5mg!ml Ropivacaine) with light sedation; in all cases partially absorbable mesh and plug (polypropylene! polyglecaprone 25) have been implanted and fixed with I ml of fibrin glue. 50 out of 53 patients completed the 2 years follow-up, one died for not related comorbidity. Mean operative time was 54.8 minutes; 46 patients were discharged at home the same day, 5 the following day, 2 patients had to stay one more day for postoperative complications (I haematoma, I urinary retention), no major complications were observed; at two years follow-up, 2 recurrences (4%) have been observed; mean VAS score for post-operative pain, assessed at 6, 12, 24 hours and 7 days after surgery, was 4 or less for 50 (94,3%) patients, only 3 (5,6%) patients referred a score> 4. At one year follow up only 2 (4%) patients suffered of chronic postoperative pain (I mild and I moderate), no severe chronic postoperative pain has been reported. Data from pre and postoperative SF36 questionnaires, analysed by using the Student's t test, showed significant increase of the score both in the Physical Component Summery (PCM) and in the Mental Component Summary (MCS) with a p-value < 0.0001. Conclusion: Inguinal hernia repair with use of fibrin glue and partially absorbable prosthesis under local anaesthesia is a safe technique in elderly patient